By the end of this CME session, participants will be able to: 1. Principles of Comprehensive Postnatal Care Define comprehensive postnatal care and describe recommended timing and frequency of postnatal visits. Explain the significance of the postnatal period (“fourth trimester”) in maternal and newborn health. 2. Maternal Postnatal Care Conduct thorough postnatal assessments including vital signs, uterine involution, lochia, wound/CS site care, and lactation. Identify and manage common maternal complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, infection, hypertensive disorders, thromboembolism, and anemia. Screen for and manage postnatal mental health conditions including postpartum depression and anxiety. Counsel women on nutrition, family planning, and healthy lifestyle practices after childbirth. 3. Newborn Postnatal Care Perform essential newborn assessments including feeding, thermoregulation, growth monitoring, and early detection of danger signs. Support early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding and appropriate newborn feeding practices. Ensure timely immunization and preventive care for the newborn. Recognize and manage common neonatal problems such as jaundice, sepsis, hypoglycemia, and feeding difficulties. 4. Psychosocial Support and Community Linkages Provide psychosocial support to mothers and families, promoting partner and family involvement in postnatal care. Strengthen referral and follow-up systems through community health workers and post-discharge care pathways. 5. Multidisciplinary and Health Systems Approach Integrate comprehensive PNC into maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) services. Collaborate effectively with midwives, nurses, obstetricians, pediatricians, nutritionists, mental health professionals, and community health workers to deliver holistic postnatal care.