By the end of the presentation, participants should be able to: Define meconium aspiration syndrome and describe its epidemiology and risk factors. Explain the pathophysiology of meconium aspiration syndrome in newborns. Describe the clinical presentation and key signs of respiratory distress in affected neonates. Discuss the diagnostic approach, including clinical assessment, chest radiography, and relevant laboratory investigations. Outline the principles of management, including respiratory support, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation when indicated. Identify potential complications, including persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), pneumothorax, and respiratory failure. Discuss preventive strategies and appropriate intrapartum and neonatal care. Describe prognostic factors and the expected outcomes of affected neonates.